DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF AMOXICILLIN IN CAPSULES BY POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18540/jcecvl4iss2pp0234-0239Palavras-chave:
Amoxicillin, Potentiometric Titration, Analytical MethodsResumo
This work presents the determination of amoxicillin (H3Amox+) in capsules by potentiometric titration. An optimized method was done with a standard amoxicillin solution that was title with NaOH solution. The initial pH was 4.35. As expected, the first equivalence point was not observed, because the fraction of H3Amox+ was about 2.4%. Thus, HCl solution was added to the system to protonate the zwitterion H2Amox± (98%), and then visualize the first equivalence point. Two inflections were observed, the first one of the neutralization of H3Amox+ e HCl and the second one of the neutralization of the zwitterion. The equivalent volumes were estimated using the first derivative method, and the volume variation (DV) between the equivalent volumes was used to determine the amoxicillin. The results showed 99% of accuracy and coefficient of variation of 7.2%.
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Referências
AMIN, A. S.; EL-ANSARY, A. L.; ISSA, Y. M. Colorimetric determination of amoxicillin in pure form and in pharmaceutical preparations. Talanta, v. 41, n. 5, p. 691–694, may. 1994a.
AMIN, A. S.; MOUSTAFA, M. E.; ISSA, Y. M. Spectrophotometric Microdetermination of Ampicillin and Amoxicillin with Picric and Picramic Acids. Microchemical Journal, v. 50, n. 1, p. 6–13, aug. 1994b.
ATICI, E. B.; YAZAR, Y.; A?TA?, Ç.; RIDVANO?LU, N.; KARLI?A, B. Development and validation of stability indicating HPLC methods for related substances and assay analyses of amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate mixtures. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, v. 136, p. 1–9, mar. 2017.
BATES, R. G. Electrometric pH Determination, John Willey and Sons, New York, 1954.
BEG, S.; KOHLI, K.; SWAIN, S.; HASNAIN, M. S. Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Quantitation of Amoxicillin Trihydrate in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Box-Behnken Experimental Design. Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, v. 35, n. 3, p. 393-406, 2012.
BEJJANI, A.; ROUMIÉ, M.; AKKAD, S.; EL-YAZBI, F.; NSOULI, B. Simultaneous quantification of amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate in different commercial drugs using PIXE technique. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, v. 371, p. 392–395, mar. 2016.
CAIAFFA, M. C.; OLIVEIRA, D. L.; PINHEIRO, V. A.; GUERRA, M. O.; PINHO, J. J. R. G. Estudo biofarmacotécnico de cápsulas de amoxicilina. Análise comparativa de produtos industrializados e magistrais. Cinética de dissolução. Revista Lecta, Bragança Paulista, SP, v. 20, n. 1, p.77–90, 2002.
DEN BERGHE, H. V.; GARRIC, X.; VERT, M.; COUDANE, J. New amoxicillin-poly(lactic acid)-based conjugates: synthesis and in vitro release of amoxicillin. Polymer International, v. 60, n. 3, p. 398–404, mar. 2011.
DEVANI, M. B.; PATEL, I. T.; PATEL, T. M. Spectrophotometric determination of amoxycillin and its dosage forms. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, v. 10, n. 5, p. 355–358, may. 1992.
DHOKA, M. V.; GAWANDE, V. T.; JOSHI, P. P. HPTLC determination of amoxicillin trihydrate and bromhexine hydrochloride in oral solid dosage forms. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, v. 2, n. 8, p. 477–483, 2010.
EID, M. A.; YUSOF, N. A.; FARUQ, M.; ABDULLAH, J.; SULAIMAN, Y. Quantitative measurement of amoxicillin in Ibuprofen tablets using UPLC. Measurement, v. 93, p. 465–472, nov. 2016.
GODDARD, A. F.; JESSA, M. J.; BARRET, D. A.; SHAW, P. N.; CEDERBERG, C.; SPILLER, R. C. Effect of Omeprazole on the Distribution of Metronidazole, Amoxicillin, and Clarithromycin in Human Gastric Juice. Gastroenterology, v. 111, n. 2, p. 358–367, aug. 1996.
GOMES, M. L. P. C.; SOUZA, S. V. C.; Validação de método para determinação de resíduos de amoxicilina aplicado à validação de limpeza em indústria farmacêutica de penicilânicos. Química Nova, v. 33, n. 4, p. 972–977, 2010.
KAUR, S. P.; RAO, R.; NANDA, S. Amoxicillin: a broad spectrum antibiotic. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, v. 3, n. 3, p. 30-37, 2011.
NAGARALLI, B. S.; SEETHARAMAPPA, J.; MELWANKI, M. B. Sensitive spectrophotometric methods for the determination of amoxycillin, ciprofloxacin and piroxicam in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, v. 29, n. 5, p. 859–864, jul. 2002.
OLIVEIRA, A. F.; SILVA, A. F. S.; TENAN, M. A.; OLIVO, S. L. TitGer: an electronic worksheet for simulating the titration of a mixture of polyprotic species. Quimica Nova, v. 30, n. 1, p. 224–228, 2007.
PAN, X.; DENG, C.; ZHANG, D.; WANG, J.; MU, G.; CHEN, Y. Toxic effects of amoxicillin on the photosystem II of Synechocystis sp. characterized by a variety of in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence tests. Aquatic Toxicology, v. 89, n. 4, p. 207–213, 2008.
QURESHI, S. Z.; QAYOOM, T.; HELALET, M. I. Simultaneous spectrophotometric and volumetric determinations of amoxycillin, ampicillin and cloxacillin in drug formulations: Reaction mechanism in the base catalysed hydrolysis followed by oxidation with iodate in dilute acid solution. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, v. 21, n. 3, p. 473–482, nov. 1999.
RELE, R. V.; MALI, R. N. Simultaneous determination of amoxicillin trihydrate and bromhexine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Der Pharma Chemica, v. 5, n. 1, p. 273–278, 2013.
SALEH, G. A. Two Selective Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Amoxicillin and Cefadroxil. Analyst, v. 121, may. 1996.
Silva, M. A. M.; Ferreira, M. H.; Braga, J. W. B.; Sena, M. M. Development and analytical validation of a multivariate calibration method for determination of amoxicillin in suspension formulations by near infrared spectroscopy. Talanta, v. 89, p. 342–351, jan. 2012.
WALASH, M. I.; TOUBAR, S.; AHMED, S. M.; ZAKHARI, N. A. Spectrophotometric Studies On Determination of Some Cephalosporins and Amoxycillin With Chlorobenzotriazole and Sodium Hypochlorite. Analytical Letters, v. 27, n. 13, p. 2499–2513, 1994.
AMIN, A. S.; MOUSTAFA, M. E.; ISSA, Y. M. Spectrophotometric Microdetermination of Ampicillin and Amoxicillin with Picric and Picramic Acids. Microchemical Journal, v. 50, n. 1, p. 6–13, aug. 1994b.
ATICI, E. B.; YAZAR, Y.; A?TA?, Ç.; RIDVANO?LU, N.; KARLI?A, B. Development and validation of stability indicating HPLC methods for related substances and assay analyses of amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate mixtures. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, v. 136, p. 1–9, mar. 2017.
BATES, R. G. Electrometric pH Determination, John Willey and Sons, New York, 1954.
BEG, S.; KOHLI, K.; SWAIN, S.; HASNAIN, M. S. Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Quantitation of Amoxicillin Trihydrate in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Box-Behnken Experimental Design. Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, v. 35, n. 3, p. 393-406, 2012.
BEJJANI, A.; ROUMIÉ, M.; AKKAD, S.; EL-YAZBI, F.; NSOULI, B. Simultaneous quantification of amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate in different commercial drugs using PIXE technique. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, v. 371, p. 392–395, mar. 2016.
CAIAFFA, M. C.; OLIVEIRA, D. L.; PINHEIRO, V. A.; GUERRA, M. O.; PINHO, J. J. R. G. Estudo biofarmacotécnico de cápsulas de amoxicilina. Análise comparativa de produtos industrializados e magistrais. Cinética de dissolução. Revista Lecta, Bragança Paulista, SP, v. 20, n. 1, p.77–90, 2002.
DEN BERGHE, H. V.; GARRIC, X.; VERT, M.; COUDANE, J. New amoxicillin-poly(lactic acid)-based conjugates: synthesis and in vitro release of amoxicillin. Polymer International, v. 60, n. 3, p. 398–404, mar. 2011.
DEVANI, M. B.; PATEL, I. T.; PATEL, T. M. Spectrophotometric determination of amoxycillin and its dosage forms. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, v. 10, n. 5, p. 355–358, may. 1992.
DHOKA, M. V.; GAWANDE, V. T.; JOSHI, P. P. HPTLC determination of amoxicillin trihydrate and bromhexine hydrochloride in oral solid dosage forms. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, v. 2, n. 8, p. 477–483, 2010.
EID, M. A.; YUSOF, N. A.; FARUQ, M.; ABDULLAH, J.; SULAIMAN, Y. Quantitative measurement of amoxicillin in Ibuprofen tablets using UPLC. Measurement, v. 93, p. 465–472, nov. 2016.
GODDARD, A. F.; JESSA, M. J.; BARRET, D. A.; SHAW, P. N.; CEDERBERG, C.; SPILLER, R. C. Effect of Omeprazole on the Distribution of Metronidazole, Amoxicillin, and Clarithromycin in Human Gastric Juice. Gastroenterology, v. 111, n. 2, p. 358–367, aug. 1996.
GOMES, M. L. P. C.; SOUZA, S. V. C.; Validação de método para determinação de resíduos de amoxicilina aplicado à validação de limpeza em indústria farmacêutica de penicilânicos. Química Nova, v. 33, n. 4, p. 972–977, 2010.
KAUR, S. P.; RAO, R.; NANDA, S. Amoxicillin: a broad spectrum antibiotic. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, v. 3, n. 3, p. 30-37, 2011.
NAGARALLI, B. S.; SEETHARAMAPPA, J.; MELWANKI, M. B. Sensitive spectrophotometric methods for the determination of amoxycillin, ciprofloxacin and piroxicam in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, v. 29, n. 5, p. 859–864, jul. 2002.
OLIVEIRA, A. F.; SILVA, A. F. S.; TENAN, M. A.; OLIVO, S. L. TitGer: an electronic worksheet for simulating the titration of a mixture of polyprotic species. Quimica Nova, v. 30, n. 1, p. 224–228, 2007.
PAN, X.; DENG, C.; ZHANG, D.; WANG, J.; MU, G.; CHEN, Y. Toxic effects of amoxicillin on the photosystem II of Synechocystis sp. characterized by a variety of in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence tests. Aquatic Toxicology, v. 89, n. 4, p. 207–213, 2008.
QURESHI, S. Z.; QAYOOM, T.; HELALET, M. I. Simultaneous spectrophotometric and volumetric determinations of amoxycillin, ampicillin and cloxacillin in drug formulations: Reaction mechanism in the base catalysed hydrolysis followed by oxidation with iodate in dilute acid solution. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, v. 21, n. 3, p. 473–482, nov. 1999.
RELE, R. V.; MALI, R. N. Simultaneous determination of amoxicillin trihydrate and bromhexine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Der Pharma Chemica, v. 5, n. 1, p. 273–278, 2013.
SALEH, G. A. Two Selective Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Amoxicillin and Cefadroxil. Analyst, v. 121, may. 1996.
Silva, M. A. M.; Ferreira, M. H.; Braga, J. W. B.; Sena, M. M. Development and analytical validation of a multivariate calibration method for determination of amoxicillin in suspension formulations by near infrared spectroscopy. Talanta, v. 89, p. 342–351, jan. 2012.
WALASH, M. I.; TOUBAR, S.; AHMED, S. M.; ZAKHARI, N. A. Spectrophotometric Studies On Determination of Some Cephalosporins and Amoxycillin With Chlorobenzotriazole and Sodium Hypochlorite. Analytical Letters, v. 27, n. 13, p. 2499–2513, 1994.
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Publicado
2018-07-04
Como Citar
Cruz, J. C., Nascimento, M. A., Teixeira, A. M., Oliveira, A. F., & Lopes, R. P. (2018). DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF AMOXICILLIN IN CAPSULES BY POTENTIOMETRIC TITRATION. The Journal of Engineering and Exact Sciences, 4(2), 0234–0239. https://doi.org/10.18540/jcecvl4iss2pp0234-0239
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Seção
Analytical Chemistry
