MACROFAUNE AND ORGANIC CARBON OF THE SOIL UNDER FAMILY AGRICULTURAL USES IN THE PIAUIENSE SEMI-ARID

Abstract

Currently, the production and commercialization of family foods has affected the quality of the soil. In the northeastern semiarid, this type of agricultural exploration has been even more intense. In this context, it is of fundamental importance to know the impact of these types of uses and managements on soil quality. The work had as objectives to evaluate the effect of the different uses and agricultural managements on the macrofauna and organic carbon of the soil, in the semi-arid region of Piauí and to select the indicators that better respond to the impacts of the uses and agricultural managements. The studied areas were: area under preserved native vegetation; area under corn cultivation; area under cultivation of mombaça grass and area under cultivation of cassava. Epigeal and edaphic macrofauna were sampled. For this purpose, PROVID-type traps were installed and soil monoliths were removed in the layers of 0.00-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m. In addition, soil samples were collected in the 0.00-0.05 and 0.05-0.10 m layers to assess the organic carbon content of the soil. The hymenoptera and coleoptera groups were the ones that showed the highest frequency among the systems. The preserved native vegetation presented the best values of abundance, richness, diversity and equitability. The system that came closest to native vegetation was the mombaça grass cultivation area. The areas of maize and cassava have moved away from ideal conditions (preserved native vegetation). The variables Abundance, Wealth, Shannon index, Araneae, Blattodea, Coleoptera, Diplopoda, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Isoptera and Pseudoescorpionida, for the epigeal fauna and Abundance, Wealth, Araneae, Hymenoptera, Blattodea, for the edaphic macrofauna, as well as the COS more sensitive to the influence of the management used, and can be used to monitor the impacts of this management on soil quality.