MICROALGAE AS ALTERNATIVES FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

Abstract

The microalgae can be used to capture and utilize CO2 emitted by thermoelectric power plants or other sources. Mitigation of emissions of greenhouse effect gases results from converting biomass harvested from microalgae into renewable energy source such as biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas and other substitutes for fossil fuels. The microalgae are usually cultivated in large tanks with agitation produced by rotating blades or technically projected photobioreactors. Algae multiply suspended in water when supplied with the necessary nutrients and the multiplication rate increases on supply of additional CO2. Compared to other biological options to capture and use CO2, microalgae cultivation has advantages of high productivity potential, ability to capture nutrients from wastewater, waste utilization, sources of salt water and high efficiency in water use. Microalgae are an attractive alternative to oilseeds such as soybeans and palms, because of high lipid content leading to higher oil output per hectare. The microalgae can be cultivated in industrial areas, require much less space and low soil fertility. This review aims to present some updates about the potential of cultivating microalgae for biofuel production.